Performance and Diagnostic Accuracy of Human Papillomavirus Testing on Self-Collected Urine and Vaginal Samples in a Referral Population / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

Purpose@#The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of polymerase chain reaction ‒based high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) assays on self-collected vaginal and urine samples for detection of precancerous cervical lesions in referral population. @*Materials and Methods@#Women referred for colposcopy following abnormal cytology, were included this study. A total of 314 matched urine, vaginal, and cervical samples were collected. All samples were tested for HPV DNA using the RealTime HR-S HPV and Anyplex II HPV 28 assays. Primary endpoints were sensitivity for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2+/CIN3+ and specificity for

Performance and Diagnostic Accuracy of Human Papillomavirus Testing on Self-Collected Urine and Vaginal Samples in a Referral Population / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

Purpose@#The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of polymerase chain reaction ‒based high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) assays on self-collected vaginal and urine samples for detection of precancerous cervical lesions in referral population. @*Materials and Methods@#Women referred for colposcopy following abnormal cytology, were included this study. A total of 314 matched urine, vaginal, and cervical samples were collected. All samples were tested for HPV DNA using the RealTime HR-S HPV and Anyplex II HPV 28 assays. Primary endpoints were sensitivity for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2+/CIN3+ and specificity for

The Effect of Low-dose Ketamine on Post-caesarean Delivery Analgesia after Spinal Anesthesia

BACKGROUND: Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, might play a role in postoperative analgesia, but its effect on postoperative pain after caesarean section varies with study design. We investigated whether the preemptive administration of low-dose intravenous ketamine decreases postoperative opioid requirement and postoperative pain in parturients receiving intravenous fentanyl with patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) following caesarean section. METHODS: Spinal anesthesia was performed in 40 parturients scheduled for elective caesarean section. Patients in the ketamine group received a 0.5 mg/kg ketamine bolus intravenously followed by 0.25 mg/kg/h continuous infusion during the operation. The control group received the same volume of normal saline. Immediately after surgery, the patients were connected to a PCA device set to deliver 25-microg fentanyl as an intravenous bolus with a 15-min lockout interval and no continuous dose. Postoperative pain was assessed using the cumulative dose of fentanyl and visual analog scale (VAS) scores at 2, 6, 24, and 48 h postoperatively. RESULTS: Significantly less fentanyl was used in the ketamine group 2 h after surgery (P = 0.033), but the difference was not significant at 6, 12, and 24 h postoperatively. No significant differences were observed between the VAS scores of the two groups at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative low-dose ketamine did not have a preemptive analgesic effect and was not effective as an adjuvant to decrease opioid requirement or postoperative pain score in parturients receiving intravenous PCA with fentanyl after caesarean section.

The Effect of Family Member's Attendance on Relief of Patient's Discomfort during Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

BACKGROUND: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is a very important and highly sensitive method to detect gastroduodenal lesions. But the investigation and diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases might be delayed by discomfort, pain and anxiety in patients during endoscopy. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of family member's attendance on relief of discomfort in patients and to identify the predictors for pain and discomfort during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. METHODS: From July to August 2005, 147 clients who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy were enrolled in this study. The subjects were randomly grouped into family-attended (n=70) group and non-family-attended group (n=77). The patients recorded their pain and discomfort during endoscopy by Visual-Analogue Scale (VAS) score. And also the client's demographic characteristics and endoscopy related factors (procedure duration, previous endoscopy experience, biopsy, endoscopist etc.) were evaluated. We studied the relationship between the various characteristics and discomfort during endoscopy. RESULTS: There were no significant differences of clients' demographic characteristics and endoscopy related factors between the two groups. There was a significant difference of VAS scores between the family-attended group (3.51+/-1.90) and non-family-attended group (4.35+/-2.10) (P= 0.012). Oxygen saturation and pulse rate during the procedure were lower in the family-attended group than in the non-attended group. Recipients' demographic characteristics and various factors related with the procedure (waiting time, biopsy, and previous experience, etc) were not associated with the degree of discomfort. CONCLUSION: Family member's attendance decreased pain and discomfort during endoscopy. The recipients' demographic characteristics and factors related to the procedure had no influence on the degree of discomfort during endoscopy. In conclusion, attendance of a family member should be considered during endoscopy in order to decrease pain and discomfort during the procedure.

The Association of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Physical Activity

BACKGROUND: There is an increasing interest in physical activity as a preventive and/or therapeutic option of non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to examine the association between physical activity and ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD. METHODS: From April to June 2007, 198 clients who had consumed alcohol less than 140 gram per week among 598 clients who visited a general hospital for medical check-up were enrolled in this study. Clinical, biochemical variables and physical activity were compared. Physical activity was measured by self-reported questionnaire using IPAQ-short form in Korean version. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent association. RESULTS: The prevalence of NAFLD was significantly lower in the physical active group (more than 1500 MET- minutes per week) compared to the inactive group (9.6% vs 19.2%, P<0.05). This association was not attenuated when adjusted for age, BMI, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, and HOMA2-IR (Odds Ratio 0.23 [95% CI 0.07~0.77, P<0.05]). CONCLUSION: Compared to the physically inactive group, the risk of NAFLD was lower in the physically active group. Our data suggests that regular and moderate physical exercise can prevent the development of fatty liver disease.

The effect of fermented foods on the color change of soft denture liners / 대한치과보철학회지

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The clinical criteria of soft lining materials are resilience over an extended period, capability of forming a strong bond with denture base materials, dimensional stability, adequate tear strength, and color stability. Many researches and reports dealt with food colorants or denture cleanser, but not with fermented foods. PURPOSE: This study was designed to assess what fermented foods, such as soy sauce and red pepper paste that many Koreans have eaten, influence on the color stability of soft denture liners. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The color differences(delta E*) were measured by spectrophotometer with different immersion time. For the procedure, thirty disk-shape specimens per 4 soft denture liners(Molloplast-B(R), Ufi Gel SC(R), Dura Base(R), Sofreliner MS(R)) were fabricated with a thickness of 2mm and 16mm in diameter. Each 10 specimen were immersed into the beakers of fermented foods and distilled water, and L*, a*, and b* values were measured for the color difference(delta E*), on the 1st, 7th, and 28th day with spectrophotometer. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: 1. There were significant differences between samples(soy sauces, red pepper pastes, and distilled water) in Sofreliner MS(R) of 1st day after immersion(p<0.05). There were significant differences between samples in Sofreliner MS(R) and Ufi Gel SC(R) of 7th days after immersion(p<0.05). There were significant differences between samples in Molloplast-B(R) of 28th day after immersion(p<0.05). 2. In red pepper pastes, delta E* values of Molloplast-B(R), Ufi Gel SC(R), Sofreliner MS(R) were higher than 3.3. Those values were not clinically acceptable. In soy sauces, delta E* values of all denture liners were lower than 3.3. delta E* values of Ufi Gel SC(R) were higher than those of other denture liners. 3. Based on the above results, red pepper paste causes more discoloration than soy sauce.